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Psoriasis is classified as an autoimmune disease because the body mistakenly attacks itself
Psoriasis affects more than just the skin—it is linked to systemic inflammation, which can impact other organs
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes red, scaly patches on the skin, often leading to discomfort and distress. While it may appear to be a superficial issue, psoriasis is a complex medical condition deeply rooted in the body’s immune system. Dr. V Sriramavaratharajan, Head – Clinical Research at Purple Life Sciences helps us to break it down step by step in simple terms.
What is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a skin disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells. This results in an overproduction of skin cells, which accumulate on the skin’s surface, forming thick, inflamed patches called plaques. These plaques are red, covered in silvery scales, and often itchy or painful.
What Happens Beneath the Surface?
1. The Role of the Immune System
In psoriasis, the immune system becomes confused and mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells as if they were harmful invaders.
T-cells, a type of white blood cell, are responsible for this reaction. Normally, they help fight infections, but in psoriasis, they become overactive, triggering skin inflammation.
2. Skin Cell Overproduction
In healthy skin, new cells take about 28 to 30 days to reach the surface and naturally shed.
In psoriasis, this process speeds up dramatically to just 3 to 7 days. The skin cells do not have enough time to mature properly, leading to a buildup on the surface.
3. Inflammation and Blood Vessel Changes
The overactive immune response leads to chronic inflammation, causing the plaques to appear red and swollen.
Blood vessels in the affected areas expand to bring more immune cells to the skin, worsening the redness.
4. Formation of Scales
The immature skin cells pile up, forming thick layers that are difficult to shed. These layers harden, resulting in the silvery scales characteristic of psoriasis.
Triggers That Worsen Psoriasis
While the exact cause of psoriasis remains unclear, certain triggers can worsen symptoms:
Stress: Can cause the immune system to overreact.
Infections: Conditions like strep throat can lead to flare-ups.
Weather: Cold, dry climates often exacerbate symptoms.
Medications: Some drugs, such as beta-blockers, can worsen psoriasis.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption may also contribute.
Why Is Psoriasis an Autoimmune Disease?
Psoriasis is classified as an autoimmune disease because the body mistakenly attacks itself. In this case, T-cells incorrectly identify healthy skin cells as threats, setting off a chain reaction that leads to inflammation and rapid skin cell production. Since psoriasis often runs in families, scientists believe that both genetic and environmental factors play a role.
Psoriasis and Systemic Inflammation
Psoriasis affects more than just the skin—it is linked to systemic inflammation, which can impact other organs. People with psoriasis are at a higher risk of developing:
Psoriatic arthritis: A painful condition affecting the joints.
Cardiovascular diseases: Chronic inflammation can increase heart disease risk.
Mental health issues: The visible symptoms can contribute to depression and anxiety.
How Is Psoriasis Treated?
Although there is no cure, treatments aim to regulate immune system overactivity and manage symptoms:
Topical Treatments: Creams and ointments containing coal tar, vitamin D, or corticosteroids help slow skin cell production and reduce inflammation.
Light Therapy (Phototherapy): UV light exposure can slow down skin cell growth.
Systemic Medications: Biologic drugs, taken as pills or injections, target specific immune pathways involved in psoriasis.
Did You Know?
Psoriasis affects about 2-3% of the global population, making it one of the most common autoimmune diseases.
The word “psoriasis” comes from the Greek word psora, meaning “itch.”
Understanding the science behind psoriasis can help reduce stigma and empower those affected. With the right management and treatment, many people successfully control their symptoms and lead healthy lives. If you have persistent red, scaly patches, consult a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and care.
